The nuclear family is the core unit of society in those new nations
carved out by European migrants in territories over the seas previously
occupied by indigenous tribes. The latter, like the traditional
societies of Asia and Europe (or parts thereof), are composed of kin
family units.
These migrants would, in the main, have left
established nations in Europe or sundry kingdoms or principalities, for
religious, economic or official policy reasons (eg. Britain's cultural
cleansing of those deemed to be criminal, or otherwise undesirable).
The
nation, as a territory-related people, is a socio-political construct
(or artificially created entity), arising in Europe no more than five
centuries ago. Presumably reflecting the schisms within Christianity,
tribes of a coherent people, bonded by a shared religious belief,
history, territory, language, other cultural traditions, and
consanguinity demarcated the defining boundaries (both geographical and
tribo-cultural) to ensure separation from non-congruent or competing
tribes.
Purely as an aside, at its height, European colonialism
extended the reality of nationhood outside Europe by establishing
national borders. These boundaries created new nations, disregarding
pre-existing kingdoms or ethnic enclaves, often dividing peoples, just
to achieve a balance of power between the European nations. The
resultant tribal wars (eg. between India and Pakistan) may, however,
have offered economic opportunities to the neo-colonisers of the modern
day.
Migrating multitudes mixed peoples from source countries in
the new territories in a manner not evidenced before. Without extended
family support, necessary self-sufficiency developed. The subsequent
eventual development of ethno-religious conglomerates probably resulted
in loosely-knit communities.
However, the American scholar Francis
Fukuyama has recently written about the great disruption to US society.
Could one wonder whether the killing of the indigenes and the
despoliation of their cultures has left some kind of debilitating
residue in the national psyche? Be rational, obey the law, and look
after your self-interest: these were apparently posited as a guide to a
life expressing personal initiative in a land of opportunity.
Whatever the relevance of the above, Fukuyama's analysis is shadowed by a casual but extended observation of Australian society.
In
Australia, where individualism is somewhat leavened by state welfare,
this author's experiences and acute observations over six decades lead
him to the following conclusions. The family unit, the fulcrum of
society, and the vehicle for the transmission of the youth of the nation
to their future, has been fractured. In the absence, or a substantive
denial, of available extended family, a breakdown of marriage or
cohabitation of duration leaves children in a parlous situation. There
is no kin back-up available.
Since up to 40% of marriages are
reportedly at risk, and since many, many fathers are allegedly denied
continuing close relationships, as dictated by nature, with their
children, what happens to the psychological needs of the children in
broken families? Only recently has there been any admission that the
children are adversely affected. Earlier claims that there is no
evidence of damage did not seem credible, when one considers the
imperatives of nature.
Yet, only the career needs of mothers, and
their success in balancing motherhood and work, fill the media reports.
The extended periods spent in professional care by babies and little
children, the denial of their right to nestle at length in the arms of
the mothers and, when older, to ask a million questions about all those
interesting things out there, and to talk about all that, is never the
subject of interest in the media. Why not? Fortunately, in
low-employment districts, the children are seen to be receiving the
entitlements designed by nature.
Then, there is a perceivable
diminution of mutual respect, the reported denial by many youngsters of
personal responsibility to contribute to the operation of the family
unit, the audible spoilt child in the shops, a reported increase in the
number of single mothers, and the seemingly escalating exploitation of
welfare (especially the disability pension) by able-bodied people.
Fukuyama
identifies in his analytical book 'The Great Disruption' other evidence
of social alienation (but in the USA). He instances mealtimes, now
lacking the 'structured rituals' of yesteryear, when families ate
together, with parents thereby enabled to offer information and counsel
to their offspring and, reciprocally, for the latter to talk about
matters of relevance to them. This reinforces the bonds of the family.
Fukuyama also instances the risks of blending separated
part-families, and the deleterious effects of broken homes on school
learning.
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