'There is no such thing as society' is a pronouncement ascribed to
Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of Britain. On the
contrary, society is that highly organised and integrated collective of
individuals, organisations and institutions which, in any civilisation,
has specified roles, functions, and responsibilities to enable arms of
that civilisation to operate as efficiently as possible, while offering
security, social stability, good governance, and practices for the
furtherance of its youth into useful future roles, within an evolving
environment which is necessarily potentially destabilising.
Without
such a structured entity, humanity would probably operate in a chaotic
manner. Unlike the physical and chemical world, where there can be found
coherent patterns of stability within the observed chaos, there is no
basis for assuming that similar stability would underpin any chaos of
humanity. Indeed human chaos is underpinned by social instability
through unfettered selfishness. The events of recent history throughout
the world support such a conclusion.
Francis Fukuyama, an American
scholar of renown, wrote in depth of the deterioration of society in
the USA, a civilised nation. It is also a leading member of those
nations created in relatively recent centuries over the seas by
immigrants from Europe. These nations are thereby ruled by the ethos of
individualism, instead of the communalism of the more established
nations of Asia and Europe. Individual rights seem to be proliferating
in these nations (which can therefore be termed the Ultra-West) except
in those areas of interest to the Vatican - a strange contrast.
Without
extended family support in these new territories, self-sufficiency and
individualism necessarily prevailed. This is in contrast with the
time-tested communitarian values of Asian societies. These values have
been defined by some Asian leaders as reflecting 'Asian values.' Yet,
immigrants from the Mediterranean in Australia celebrate the same
values: individuals and nuclear families being supported by their
extended families, respect for one's elders and authorised leaders, and a
sense of belonging to a tribe with defensible boundaries, especially
when integrated into a conglomeration of multi-ethnic peoples.
This
spirit of individualism seems to have engendered claims for more and
more personal rights. Taken to extremes, traditional respect for others
may be diminished, if not ignored. Conflicts over relative individual
rights can occur. In Australia today, surnames and addresses indicating
respect for age, position, or relationship have given way to the
universal use of first names.
Rights breed rights - even in the
open! The proliferation of claimed rights, aided by those using the
courts to acquire yet more rights (even for unlawful asylum seekers) can
be juxtaposed with the reality that rights are not set out in the
Constitution, or a Bill of Rights, or official policy statements in
Australia. This results in all manner of societal difficulties,
primarily because of a lack of corresponding or counter-balancing
personal responsibilities towards the collective.
Some
consequential effects of enhanced access to claimed personal rights are
the suffering caused to children through the impermanence of marriage
and cohabitation, a fear of empty streets (casually brutal attacks by
louts or a threat to children), the serious abuse of generous welfare
and free medical services, a denial of personal responsibility (eg.
acquiring skills to enable employment or to re-locate to centres
offering employment), and escalating demands by the well-off for 'middle
class welfare.'
In the light of the above, the unavoidable
conclusion is that, at least in the USA and Australia, modern society
does not generally offer the cohesion and mutual kin and community
support of traditional societies.
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